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NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF UKRAINE
Unofficial translation from Ukrainian
1. General Provisions
Ukraine is a sovereign, unitary, European state based on the rule of law, which has its own history of state-building and development of democratic institutions, ancient cultural and spiritual traditions. At the start of 21st century, Ukraine is developing within its existing borders on the basis of exercising, by the Ukrainian people, their inalienable right to self-determination.
The events of 2004, well-known in the world as the Orange Revolution, became a catalyst for democratic development of the Ukrainian society. Ukraine has assertively declared its aspiration to take an appropriate place in the European community. New opportunities have emerged for reforming the social life foundations on democratic principles, and pursuing a sovereign foreign policy.
There is a growing understanding in the society that freedom and human dignity are not only the universal human values, but also a corner stone of processes of building a civilized state, developing and executing its foreign, internal and national security policies.
Perception of Ukraine in the world has changed drastically. Ukraine has obtained new opportunities for realization of its national interests in the unsteady and contradictory global environment.
Further development and protection of Ukraine’s most significant achievements require from the state to clearly determine its position vis-à-vis its strategic priorities and objectives, which should be adequate to challenges and threats of 21st century and its interaction with the present-day international and regional security systems.
The national security strategy of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) determines the principles, priority objectives, as well as tasks and mechanisms of ensuring [protection of] vital interests of an individual, the society and the state from external and internal threats.
The legal framework for the development and implementation of the Strategy is comprised by the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine On Principles of National Security of Ukraine, other laws of Ukraine and international instruments ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, which in the aggregate determine the basic principles of the state policy in the sphere of national security.
The main objective of the Strategy is to ensure the level of national security that would guarantee progressive development of Ukraine, its competitiveness, respect for human and civil rights and freedoms, further strengthening of international positions and authoritativeness of the Ukrainian state in the modern world.
Achieving this objective is possible through implementing the national security policy of the state that envisages strengthening of the foundations of national unity for the sake of building a democratic, competitive state based on the rule of law, developing a socially oriented market economy, strengthening science and technology potential, ensuring innovation development, raising the living standards and well-being of the population, ensuring information security, and environment-friendly and technogenically safe conditions for vital functions of the society.
The state national security policy of Ukraine is being developed and implemented under the dissipating differences between internal and external aspects of security in the modern world, and growing significance of non-coercive (political, economical, social, energy-related, environmental, informational, etc.) components of ensuring it.
2. Principles of Ensuring National Unity and Protectability of Vital Interests of Individual, Society and State from External and Internal Threats
National unity as a warranty for ensuring effective protection of interests of an individual, the society and the state can be achieved subject to the guaranteed respect for human dignity and realization of the following vital national interests of Ukraine:
human and civil rights and freedoms;
sovereignty of Ukraine, its territorial integrity, inviolability of its frontiers, democratic constitutional order, the rule of law;
integrity of the state on the basis of consolidation of all territorial communities, social strata and ethnic groups around the values of independent, free, sovereign, and democratic development of a unified Ukraine;
competitiveness of the state and economic well-being of the population through comprehensive development of the human, scientific and technical, and innovation potentials of the country;
improved mechanisms of materialization of the constitutional principle of division of power into the legislative, executive and judicial power;
strict observance of the guaranteed independence and impartiality of courts;
restricted interference of the state into activities of economic entities, citizens, public organizations, political parties, and religious communities;
safe conditions for vital functions, protection of environment;
preservation and development of spiritual and cultural values of the society;
harmonious relations with other states of the world, perception of the Ukrainian state by the international community as its full-fledged and equal member.
The national security policy aimed to safeguard these vital national interests shall be based on the following principles specified by the law of Ukraine:
priority of human and civil rights and freedoms;
the rule of law;
priority of agreement-based (peaceful) means of dispute settlement;
prompt measures of protection of national interests, their adequateness to real and potential threats;
distinct division of authority, and interaction between bodies of state power in ensuring the national security;
democratic civilian control over the Military Organization and law enforcement agencies of the state;
engagement of the civil society in processes of development and implementation of the national security policy;
emplo _ yment of the international collective security mechanisms in the interests of Ukraine.
Ukraine’s vital national interests are being accomplished in the complex domestic and external environment characterized by a number of challenges and threats.
2.1. Socio-political developments in Ukraine in the recent years, as it was the case during the initial years of the independence, have strongly highlighted the problem of ensuring the national unity and integrity of the Ukrainian state, the resolution of which is complicated by:
the value-based and ideological stratification of the Ukrainian society stipulated by cultural and historical differences between certain regions of Ukraine and aggravated as a result of the profiteering in these problems by certain internal and external political forces, in particular the extremist ones;
low effectiveness of mechanisms of state decision making and decision implementation resulting from ill-coordinated actions by and between various branches and bodies of state power, declined professionalism of civil servants, spread of corruption, bribery, blending of business and politics in that environment;
weakness and dissociation of civil society institutions that makes it impossible to appropriately implement their potential as regards democratization of social life;
demographic deformations stipulated historically by wars, famines, repressions and deportations, and by the Chornobyl disaster, which have acquired features of a demographic crisis during the period of radical socio-economic reforms.
2.2 The state of the economic security continues to be complicated as a result of the number of challenges and threats conditioned by:
the unstable economic growth and its excessive dependence on external factors;
the outstanding structural deformations in the national economy, ineffective use of material, in particular the energy-related, resources, prevalence of sectors with insignificant value added ratio resulting in the low competitiveness of domestic products;
the ineffective protection of property rights, lacking conditions for developing a required investment potential in the national economy, in particular well-developed financial and stock markets, unfavorable macroeconomic and politico-juridical climate for attraction of foreign investments and development of domestic investment process;
the defective tax system, inefficiency of tax management and control over budget spendings;
the low competitiveness; monopolization of certain branches of the economy, goods and services delivery;
the imperfect mechanisms of protecting the domestic market from unfair competition originating from imported products, ineffective prevention of contraband;
the excessive dependence on imported energy resources; non-diversification of energy supplies;
the monopolization of certain strategic sectors of the national economy by foreign capital that threatens stability of certain commodity markets;
the degradation of the scientific and technical potential, underdevelopment of the national innovation system, low innovation activity of economic entities;
the uncontrollable outflow of intellectual and labor resources abroad, inter alia in the form of labor migration;
the deepening regional differentiation;
the high level of shadowization of the economy conditioned, inter alia, by spreading of shadow employment, increased number of semi-legal methods of tax evasion, criminalization of economic relations, existence of organized criminal groups in the country seeking to gain control over activities of economic entities.
2.3. Environmental and technogenic hazards present increasing threat to the national security as a result of:
the critical state of the basic production assets and municipal infrastructure of inhabited localities thus creating preconditions for emergencies and environmental disasters;
the outstanding problems of proper maintenance of nuclear facilities, hydro-technical structures; the Chornobyl disaster management;
the overtolerance anthropogenic environmental load caused, among other things, by the stockpiling of excessive and outdated ammunition, military and special hardware, armaments and explosives that are superfluous for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
2.4. Efforts to ensure adequateness of Ukraine’s security sector to the needs of society have so far been unsuccessful:
in their current state the law enforcement agencies of Ukraine are unable to grant reliable protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, to effectively prevent crime, in particular the organized crime, criminalization of the economy, and corruption;
activities of the intelligence and counter-intelligence agencies are not entirely adequate to the challenges of and threats to the national security of Ukraine;
the critical state of armaments and military hardware, low level of logistical support and personnel training in the Armed Forces of Ukraine that threaten their ability to perform tasks of defending the state.
2.5. A serious problem is presented by the inappropriate state and functioning of the judicial branch [of power], spreading of bribery and corruption in its institutions, sluggish judicial process, and sometimes even unlawful judgments.
Systemic deficiencies in activities of the judicial authorities undermine people’s trust in materialization of the rule of law principle in the state, threaten the exercising of rights and freedoms by citizens, and lawful interests of economic entities.
2.6. The unsteady and contradictory external environment is characterized by the enhanced effect of the factors threatening the strategic stability in the world:
the leading states of the world and international organizations are losing their ability to effectively avert the deepening gap between rich and poor countries in their rates of development and living standards;
the struggle for natural resources, mostly for the control over energy sources and energy supply routes, is gaining momentum that is especially clearly manifested in the growth of tension around formation of new energy transportation corridors from the Caspian region, which are strategically critical for Ukraine;
the problem of the uncontrolled proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and means of delivery thereof is aggravating. Ukraine, with its scientific and technological potential, its nuclear, chemical, space rocket facilities may become an object of interest of international terrorist groups;
there is an increasing danger of escalation of “frozen” conflicts and emergence of new regional conflicts in the proximity to Ukraine’s borders. Specifically meant here are the long-time outstanding conflicts in the Trsansdniestrian region of the Republic of Moldova and Caucasus. The situation is being further aggravated by the involvement of other states as well as “shadow business” and international criminal gangs therein.
2.7 Terrorism presents the most serious threat to the international community and individual states, Ukraine including. This threat becomes even more critical in view of the potential use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists. One should also mention some terrorist acts as a tool to accomplish economic and political interests.
Ukraine has also become an object of increasing interest of international criminal groups, in particular in the spheres of money laundering, illegal migration, trafficking in people, arms, hazardous materials, narcotic drugs, etc.
2.8. The negative external influence on the information space of Ukraine is being intensified thus threatening to erode social values and national identity.
The output of competitive national information products continues to be insufficient.
Close to critical is the state of security of data processing systems in the field of public administration, finance and banking, energy, transportation, domestic and international communications, etc.
3. National Security Policy Strategic Objectives, Priorities and Tasks
The current dynamics of social processes in Ukraine and the world calls forth the necessity to establish an adequate, effective and economic system of national security management capable of ensuring the advancement of the society and the state towards the community of the developed democratic countries.
The strategic objective of the national security policy of Ukraine is to safeguard the state sovereignty and territorial integrity, national unity on the basis of democratic progression of the society and the state, observance of human and civil rights and freedoms, establishing conditions for a dynamic economic growth, ensuring the European social standards and well-being of the population.
The strategic priorities of the national security policy are:
3.1. Achieving the national unity and consolidation of the society through overcoming both the objective and induced contradictions of socio-cultural, confessional, ethnic, language-related, inter-regional and regional nature on the basis of strict observance of the constitutional safeguards of human and civil rights and freedoms.
To that end, it is necessary to promulgate among the various social, age, educational, cultural strata of the Ukrainian people the idea of common historic destiny, benefits from close cooperation and mutual assistance, direct dependence of successfulness of every Ukrainian citizen upon the level of unity of the Ukrainian society that will promote developing the national idea in the broad, world outlook-based meaning.
It is necessary to continue the political system reform towards the triumph of pluralistic democracy and European values, freedom of speech, development of civil society on the basis of the Constitution of Ukraine.
Special attention should be paid to developing basic principles and effective mechanisms of communication and interaction between the legislative, executive and judicial branches of power in Ukraine at the stage of the constitutional reform implementation.
3.2. Raising effectiveness of public administration and local self-government system
To that end, it is necessary to consolidate efforts of bodies of state power around improving the constitutional regulation of social relations in Ukraine, ensuring balance of all-national, regional and local interests, establishing the strategic planning system, creating effective monitoring mechanisms to promptly adjust the security policy priorities.
A new impetus should be given to the improvement of the system of interaction of bodies of state power with civil society institutions.
It is necessary to ensure real delimitation between social, state and commercial (private) interests, business and power; to enhance counteraction to corruption, including the political one, in particular through improvement of relevant laws.
Separation of political and administrative functions in the system of bodies of state power must be guaranteed by law thus securing effectiveness, stability and high professional level of the civil service.
Progressive democratic transformations, realization of Ukraine’s European choice necessitate improving the system of state power. The latter should be built upon the European democratic values and ensure openness and transparency of its activities. Critically required are radical systemic reforms aimed at democratization of the entire system of state power. Dragging out with implementation of the administrative reform slows down other transformations, in particular in the socio-economic sphere.
3.3. Ensuring adequate economic security is impossible without structural readjustment and increased competitiveness of the national economy.
To that end, it is necessary, first of all, to improve the investment climate, inter alia, by ensuring effective protection of property rights, amending the regulatory and corporate laws, restricting monopolism, developing financial and stock markets.
A critical task in this context is to reform the taxation system and ensure that the fiscal policy of the state is aimed at reducing the role of all elements of material expenses in the economy.
It is required to radically raise the effectiveness of public funds utilization, to ensure effective control by the state over activities of natural monopoly entities, transparency in their use of financial resources, effective tariff and regulatory policy.
Measures of the economic policy of the state should also be aimed to enhance financial positions of economic entities, to ensure that the latter target themselves at higher profitability and capitalization.
Along with realization of state policy of promoting export, first of all that of high-tech products, it is necessary to ensure proactive expansion of the domestic market and avoidance of critical dependence of the national economy upon current situation at world markets.
It is impossible to raise competitiveness of the national economy under the existing level of innovation activity of enterprises. To raise that activity, it is necessary to establish a national innovation system and to expand investment potential for implementation of innovation projects.
The state should pay priority attention to boosting the innovation processes in the spheres of education, science and technology, information and communications, which in the aggregate shape the infrastructure of the knowledge economy – the basis of Ukraine’s future competitiveness in a globalized world.
The Ukrainian state should act consistently while implementing the land reform and ensuring in practice the priority development of the agro-industrial complex as a basis of food security of the state.
3.4. Ensuring the energy security of the country, first of all by radically increasing the effectiveness of consumption of fuel and energy resources.
It is critically important to address urgently the issues of reducing Ukraine’s dependence on energy supplies, diversification of energy supply routes, materialization of the state’s transit potential, modernization of energy infrastructure on the basis of modern technologies.
It is impossible to accomplish these tasks without essentially increasing the effectiveness of the fuel and energy complex management system, ensuring an appropriate control over activities of state-run companies in this sector, using the transit oil and gas pipelines, underground gas storage facilities, electric power grids, railways, ports and the like in the national interests.
3.5. Resolving Urgent Demographic Issues through Achieving High Social Standards.
This [task] envisages realization of comprehensive measures as regards promoting augmentation of the middle class and elimination of poverty, harmonizing the national life quality standards with those of the European countries, establishing conditions for strengthening health of the nation and reducing mortality rate, ensuring access of all strata of the population to high-quality medical services, providing housing to citizens requiring assistance from the state, implementing the social security reform, in particular the pension reform, etc.
The overcoming of negative tendencies in the demographic situation development along with disproportions in migration processes, outflow of qualified manpower abroad, and, on that basis, meeting the requirements of the economy and social sphere in labor resources should be determined a priority of activities of bodies of state power.
State policy in the humanitarian sphere should be targeted at the development of education and science, reform of the public health system, protection of the national cultural and spiritual heritage, raising the morals of the nation, inter alia by introducing effective mechanisms to consolidate family values and prevent the spreading of violence, racial, ethnic and religious intolerance, moral dissoluteness, etcetera in mass media.
The language policy, as a key component of the national humanitarian policy, should proceed from the necessity to unswervingly observe the constitutional safeguards as regards comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language and the language of official communication in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine, as well as free use of the Russian or other native languages by citizens in all necessities of life.
Problems of overcoming vagrancy and homelessness among children should be urgently addressed.
3.6. Creation of Safe Conditions for Vital Activities of Population
A balanced system of the environment management should be established on the basis of introduction of economic mechanisms to encourage economic use of natural resources, reduction of hazardous emissions, utilization of appropriate modern environment-friendly resource and energy saving technologies. It is required to improve considerably the ecological condition of water resources and quality of drinkable water. Effective measures should be taken to prevent further contamination of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
It is necessary to ensure effective functioning of the integrated system of protection of civilians, prevention of technogenic disasters and management thereof, and increasing the level of environmental, nuclear and radiation safety, in particular transforming the “Shelter” facility into an environment-friendly system.
Reform of housing and communal services, modernization of capital assets of that sector, and increasing the quality of housing and communal services, primarily through sectoral competition, should be identified as a critical condition for establishing safe and secure environment for vital activities of Ukraine’s population.
3.7. Reform of the security sector institutions – the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations and law-enforcement agencies to ensure their readiness to perform tasks pertaining to the national defense, to increase effectiveness of activities as regards human and civil rights protection, ensuring the national security, prevention of corruption and crime, especially in organized forms.
Priority trends in this area are:
maintaining high combativity, alert and mobilization preparedness of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations, bringing them close, as regards their structure, command and control system, education and training, equipment with ammunition and military hardware, to standards of the armed forces of NATO member-states;
ensuring budgetary appropriations to the security sector as an integrated system in the amount sufficient for its reform and development;
determining an optimum structure and strength of the security sector agencies proceeding from vital necessities of the national security and from the economic potential of the state;
raising professionalism and responsibility in all branches of the security sector, further introduction of the democratic European standards into everyday activities of agencies thereof;
improvement of the legal framework for activities of the security sector agencies with account of the European and Euro-Atlantic criteria;
bringing the criminal law and the criminal legal proceedings into conformity with standards and recommendations of the Council of Europe and the European Union;
developing the system of strategic planning, coordination of and control over activities of the security sector agencies;
developing the frontiers and infrastructure thereof according to the European criteria;
boosting fight against legalization (laundering) of earnings obtained in criminal way.
3.8. Expedited implementation of the judicial reform towards establishing a system of judicial organization and legal procedure functioning on the basis of the rule of law pursuant to the European standards, and safeguarding the right of an individual to a fair trial.
To this end, the following tasks should be accomplished:
the overcoming of negative tendencies arising from inconsistent realization of measures aimed to reform the judicial branch of power;
the ensuring of accessible and fair legal proceedings, transparency of courts, optimizing the system of public courts of general jurisdiction;
the practical exercising of the right to access to judicial decisions by citizens;
raising the trust of citizens in the judicial system;
raising the status of judges in the society;
the strengthening of guarantees of independence of judges;
the qualitative raising of the professional level of judges and improving the conditions of their professional activities;
developing effective mechanisms and distinct criteria for bringing judges to disciplinary liability;
radically improving the state of satisfaction of judgments;
establishing conditions for the development of alternative (extra-judiciary) settlement of disputes.
Real triumph of the rule of law in the society, and ensuring the right of every individual to a fair trial in an independent and impartial court should be determined as the main task of further development of administration of justice.
3.9. Developing the system of democratic civil control over the Military Organization and law-enforcement agencies of the state that envisages:
improvement of the legal framework in that sphere;
development of civilian-military relations in the society, inter alia by bringing the ratio between the civilian and military personnel in the security sector agencies into conformity with the European standards;
demilitarization of the law-enforcement and intelligence agencies taking into consideration the optimum ratio between the servicemen and civilian personnel therein;
involvement of the public in the national security policy making.
3.10. Ensuring favorable external conditions for development and security of the state that envisages:
establishing a secure international environment around Ukraine, strengthening collective security systems in the European and trans-Atlantic areas, developing relations and cooperation in the global and regional dimensions;
protection of and support for Ukrainian citizens and their interests abroad;
finalizing the legal framework (delimitation and demarcation) of the frontier of Ukraine, in particular, resolving, together with the Russian Federation, the issues as regards delimitation in the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea and the Strait of Kerch on the basis of the international law, settling the outstanding issues with Romania as regards delimitation of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zones in the Black Sea;
ensuring an adequate place for Ukraine in the global division of labor, secured and balanced entry of the Ukrainian economy into the global economic system, in particular in the WTO format;
conclusion of a new basic agreement, establishing a free trade area with the European Union, establishing a foundation for Ukraine’s full-fledged membership in EU;
Ukraine’s accession to the European and Euro-Atlantic security systems that envisages mutually beneficial cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, developing conditions for Ukraine’s accession to NATO; participation in the EU and OSCE security programs;
development of the Ukrainian-Russian partnership on the basis of pragmatism and openness, mutually beneficial cooperation and collaboration as key conditions for ensuring the national and regional security;
development of harmonious, mutually beneficial, neighborly relations with countries of the region, asserting Ukraine’s regional leadership on that basis;
expanding active interaction with the United States and Canada, EU member-states, other European countries and leading regional states;
support of international peace and security through continued participation in the international peacekeeping activities, multilateral actions to counteract proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, transnational organized crime, trafficking in people, narcotic drugs, and other challenges to international security;
ensuring information security while integrating into the global society information structures.
The main priorities of regional cooperation in the Baltic-Black Sea-Caspian region are:
accomplishment of democracy and security in the region, expanding and deepening cooperation in the formats of the Community of Democratic Choice and the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development – GUAM;
expanding bilateral and multilateral cooperation with countries of the region as regards development of the common energy policy, in particular in the field of transit of energy resources;
steppping up counteraction with the European regional organizations and participation in implementation of multilateral projects, establishing subregional collective security systems in the interests of all states of the region.
Ukraine should continue to take an active part in the processes of “frozen” conflict settlement in the region, primarily in the Transdniestrian region of the Republic of Moldova.
4. State Policy of National Security Implementation Mechanisms
Critical for the effective implementation of the national security policy is to ensure capability of the system of state power through a balanced division of functions and authority between its branches and bodies, distinct delimitation, at a legislative level, of political and administrative authorities, functions and responsibilities, regulation of activities of bodies of state power.
Effective implementation of the strategic priorities, basic principles and tasks of the national security policy of the state specified by this Strategy require improvement of legal and organizational mechanisms of the national security management, and relevant backing thereof with high-intellect staff and resources.
4.1. Improvement of National Security Management System
The national security management system of Ukraine should be developed in the following directions:
improvement of laws regulating national security issues, primarily through:
- bringing the laws regulating national security and defense issues in conformity with the Constitution of Ukraine, adjusting them with relevant European laws;
- specification of tasks and functions of the national security entities by law, inter alia under the extraordinary period and crisis situations threatening the national security of Ukraine;
- development of the legal framework for the national security management through working out relevant laws, concepts, doctrines, strategies, and programs, in particular the anti-corruption laws, the National Program of Counteracting Terrorism and Extremism, the Concept of Development of Military Organization of the State, the Concept of Development of National Innovation System, the National Strategy of Development of Information Society, the Doctrine of Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development, etc.;
- development and adoption of the revised Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure, the laws of Ukraine on civil service, the Security Service of Ukraine, other security sector agencies, new laws On Crime Prevention, On Intercepting Telecommunications, etcetera, amending and supplementing the Code of Administrative Offences;
- elimination of the existing contradictions, discrepancies and deficiencies in the effective laws and other statutory and legal acts pertaining to national security and defense issues;
- development and implementation of national standards and technical orders regulating the use of information and communication technologies adjusted with relevant European standards, inter alia, pursuant to the requirements of the Convention on Cybercrime ratified by the Verkhovna Rada;
- bringing the laws on protection of state secrets into conformity with the European standards;
- improvement of laws on issues of social security of servicemen, employees of the law-enforcement and intelligence agencies and members of their families to raise the level of social protection of these categories of citizens;
- raising the efficiency of planning, coordination of and control over activities of the national security entities, and their responsibility through:
- specification and distinct delineation of tasks and spheres of responsibility of the national security entities;
- optimization of the strategic, socio-economic and defense planning system;
- strengthening the prognostication function of the national security management system;
- raising the efficiency of activities of the national security entities on the early obtaining of information to promptly identify the existing and new types of internal and external threats, developing effective measures as regards prevention thereof and counteraction thereto;
- informational and analytical backing of activities of bodies of state power, first of all under crisis and emergency situations, including the extraordinary period;
- installation of protected information and telecommunication networks in bodies of state power;
- development and introduction of the all-national system of identifying and monitoring threshold indexes (indicators) characterizing the level of protectability of national interests in various spheres of vital activities and materialization of real threats to national security;
- comprehensive assessment of the security sector;
- comprehensive assessment of the defense-industrial complex of Ukraine, development of the state program of its integration into the Euro-Atlantic area;
- introducing the system of comparative analysis of security sectors of Ukraine, the neighboring and developed countries;
- activization of mechanisms of coordination of and control over activities of executive authorities as regards reform of the Armed Forces, other military formations envisaged by the Laws of Ukraine On Principles of National Security of Ukraine, and On National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine;
- identifying major directions of development and improvement of the defense-industrial complex management, raising the level of scientific and technological cooperation in that sphere with other countries.
4.2 Resource Backing of National Security
Realization of the national security policy of the state is backed with relevant intellectual, manpower, financial, logistical, informational and other necessary resources.
Appropriate financial and logistical support of implementation of measures envisaged by the National Security Strategy should rely upon sustainable and dynamic development of the national economy, and expanding financial potential of the state.
Priorities in the financing of realization of the national security policy are:
reform and development of the security sector agencies;
improvement of programs of adaptation and social protection of servicemen and employees to be dismissed as a result of the security sector reform;
realization of programs of modernization of industrial and scientific and technological potential in strategic sectors of the economy;
state support of investment and innovation projects aimed to raise effectiveness of use of material, first of all energy-related, resources in the national economy;
development of transportation and information and telecommunication infrastructures;
reform and development of education and health systems, bringing them in conformity with the European standards;
implementation of priority basic research and applied projects and directions of innovation activities;
encouraging the implementation of progressive technologies and their transfer from the defense-industrial complex to civilian production industries;
training personnel for bodies of state power, as well as top quality scientific personnel according to the priorities specified by the Strategy.
Resource backing of measures aimed to implement the National Security Strategy of Ukraine is materialized through mandatory account of annual appropriate expenses in the State Budget and in relevant state programs.
It is envisaged that the security sector budget financing will gradually reach the amounts commensurable with similar expenses of the Central European countries along with concurrent optimization of organizational and manpower structures of the security agencies and bringing them in conformity with their new functions and tasks, as well as with economic potentialities of the state.
Measures on scientific support of implementation of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine shall be coordinated by the National Academy of Sciences and scientific research institutions of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine.
4.3. Principles and Mechanisms of State and Public Control over Implementation of the Strategy
Pursuant to the Law of Ukraine On Principles of National Security of Ukraine, the National Security Strategy of Ukraine is a document subject to mandatory implementation.
One of the key conditions required to accomplish the objectives and tasks of the national security policy specified by the Strategy is introduction of state and public control over its realization.
Such control shall be executed on the basis of the following principles:
the rule of law, strict observance of laws regulating the activities of the national security entities;
distinct delineation of functions and authority between bodies of state power and bodies of local government in the field of the national security management;
interaction between and responsibility of the national security entities for realization of the national security policy and its appropriate backing with resources;
transparency of major directions of national security and defense spending;
effective control by the state over the use of financial and material resources in the national security sphere;
openness of non-classified information on activities of the national security entities;
responsibility of officials for timeliness, completeness and credibility of the provided information, and for appropriate reaction to petitions of citizens, public organizations, and mass media statements.
Control over implementation of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine shall be executed by the President of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine within the framework of their authority specified by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.
The President of Ukraine, as Head of State, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and Head of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, shall administer the Strategy implementation process and submit, whenever necessary, for priority consideration by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine draft laws required for the Strategy implementation.
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine shall develop the legal framework aimed at the Strategy implementation, and exercise the appropriate parliamentary control.
The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, as the highest body in the system of state executive authorities, being guided by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, acts of the President of Ukraine and resolutions of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, shall ensure implementation of the Strategy and approve, on the annual basis, the Strategy implementation action plans.
The National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine shall coordinate and control the activities of the executive authorities on implementation of the Strategy, and, with due account of modifications of the external or internal environment, submit proposals to the President of Ukraine as regards its specification and backing with resources to be taken into consideration while drafting the Law on State Budget of Ukraine for the following year.
The Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine shall inform the President of Ukraine, on the annual basis or immediately – as required, about the course of the Strategy implementation, and submit relevant conclusions and proposals.
The central executive authorities of Ukraine, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations, law-enforcement and intelligence agencies established pursuant to the laws of Ukraine shall, within the framework of their authority, ensure implementation of tasks, envisaged by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, acts of the President of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, resolutions of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, as regards implementation of the Strategy.
Other executive authorities, local state administrations and local government bodies shall ensure resolution of issues pertaining to implementation of the Strategy that fall within the scope of their competence under laws of Ukraine.
Essential role in the national security policy implementation should be played by civil society institutions, inter alia through exercising control by the public over activities of bodies of state power in this sphere. Vigorous activities of civil society institutions will promote strengthening the safeguards of observation of law, human and civil rights and freedoms, ensuring adequateness of the national security system to threats to national interests and economic potentialities of the state.
The Constitution and laws of Ukraine provide necessary opportunities to that end. At the same time, civil control mechanisms require improvement by means of:
informing the society, in a timely and credible manner, inter alia through preparation and periodical publishing of “white-books”, about activities of the bodies of state power in this sphere;
public assessment of draft legal acts, concepts and programs on national security issues, and due account of conclusions thereof;
broad involvement of the public into discussing the most acute national security issues in the course of preparation of relevant state decisions;
establishing public expert councils attached to executive authorities acting in the sphere of ensuring the national security.
The Strategy is a basis for development of specific programs, projects and action plans on components of the national security policy of the state and mechanisms of realization thereof, and is timed for the period of accomplishment of the objectives specified therein.
Approved by Decree
of the President of Ukraine
# 105/2007 of 12 February 2007
Head of the Secretariat
of the President of Ukraine V.BALOGA
Неофициальный перевод с украинского языка
УКАЗ
ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАИНЫ № 105/2007
О Стратегии национальной безопасности Украины
В соответствии с пунктами 1 и 17 части первой статьи 106 Конституции Украины, части второй статьи 2 Закона Украины “Об основах национальной безопасности Украины” постановляю:
1. Утвердить Стратегию национальной безопасности Украины (прилагается).
2. Кабинету Министров Украины обеспечить выполнение указанной Стратегии.
3. Секретарю Совета национальной безопасности и обороны Украины информировать Президента Украины о состоянии реализации указанной Стратегии.
Президент Украины Виктор ЮЩЕНКО
12 февраля 2007 года
УТВЕРЖДЕН
Указом Президента Украины
от 12 февраля 2007 года № 105/2007
Стратегия национальной безопасности Украины
1. Общие положения
Украина – суверенное, унитарное, правовое европейское государство, которое имеет собственную историю создания государства и развития демократических институтов, глубоко-исторические национальные культурные и духовные традиции, в начале XXI столетия развивается в существующих границах на основе осуществления Украинским народом своего неотъемлемого права на самоопределение.
События 2004 года, известные миру как „оранжевая революция”, стали катализатором демократического развития украинского общества. Украина уверенно заявила о своем стремлении занять надлежащее место в европейском сообществе. Открылись новые возможности для реформирования основ общественной жизни согласно демократическим принципам и проведения суверенной внешней политики.
В обществе все глубже укореняется осознание, что свобода и человеческое достоинство являются не только общечеловеческими ценностями, но и краеугольным камнем процессов развития цивилизованного государства, разработки и реализации его внешней и внутренней политики, политики национальной безопасности.
Существенно изменилось восприятие Украины в мире. Она получила новые возможности для реализации собственных национальных интересов в непостоянном и противоречивом глобальном пространстве.
Дальнейшее развитие и защита наиболее значимых достижений Украины требуют четкой определенности государства в стратегических приоритетах и целях, которые должны отвечать вызовам и угрозам XXI столетия, его взаимодействия с современными системами международной и региональной безопасности.
Стратегия национальной безопасности Украины (далее – Стратегия) определяет принципы, приоритетные цели, задачи и механизмы обеспечения жизненно важных интересов личности, общества и государства от внешних и внутренних угроз.
Правовой основой для разработки и реализации Стратегии является Конституция Украины, Закон Украины “Об основах национальной безопасности Украины”, другие законы Украины и международные соглашения, ратифицированные Верховной Радой Украины, которые в совокупности определяют основы политики государства в сфере национальной безопасности.
Главная цель Стратегии – обеспечить такой уровень национальной безопасности, который бы гарантировал поступательное развитие Украины, ее конкурентоспособность, обеспечение прав и свобод человека и гражданина, дальнейшее укрепление международных позиций и авторит | 
